Exposure to aircraft noise, with constantly increasing traffic, is not without health risks for people living near airports. Some effects are already well established, while others are less documented and more discussed in the literature. Objective: This PhD aims to better understand and quantify the health effects of aircraft noise for people living near airports, particularly in France where few studies have been conducted. It focuses on health events suspected to be associated with aircraft noise exposure, but little studied in the literature: perceived health status, medication use, psychological distress, and saliva cortisol concentration (as a stress marker). In addition, while the effects of aircraft noise on the risk of hypertension are well known, this PhD proposes to study the effects of aircraft noise annoyance and noise sensitivity on the risk of hypertension and medication consumption, but also on perceived health status, and psychological distress. It also aims to determine the role of aircraft noise annoyance and noise sensitivity in the associations between aircraft noise exposure and previously investigated health events. Methods: The data collected as part of the DEBATS (Discussion on the Effects of Aircraft Noise on Health) and HYENA (Hypertension and Environmental Noise near Airports) research programs were used. DEBATS covers 1,244 residents of three French airports: Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Lyon-Saint-Exupéry and Toulouse-Blagnac. HYENA includes 4,861 residents of seven major European airports (United Kingdom, Germany, Netherlands, Sweden, Italy and Greece). The analyses focused either on DEBATS data only or on the pooled data of DEBATS and HYENA. This pooling was possible because the methodology used in the two studies is relatively similar. Aircraft noise exposure was estimated from modelled noise levels and then geolocated to each participant. Demographic, socio-economic, lifestyle, health and lifestyle information was collected using a face-to-face questionnaire administered at the participants' homes. Participants' blood pressure was measured using the same protocol, and saliva samples were collected using similar protocols to determine cortisol concentration.Results: An association was shown between aircraft noise exposure and perceived health status. It was positive and statistically significant only in men. No relationship was found between this exposure and the psychological distress assessed with GHQ-12. On the other hand, a significant association was found between aircraft noise annoyance and psychological distress: the higher the level of reported annoyance, the greater the risk of psychological distress. There was also a significant increase in the risk of psychological distress with the level of noise sensitivity. In addition, there were significant relationships between aircraft noise exposure and the risk of hypertension on the one hand, and medication use - particularly antihypertensive and anxiolytic medication - on the other hand. These two health outcomes were also associated with aircraft noise annoyance and noise sensitivity. Furthermore, a significant decrease in the daily variations - absolute and relative - in cortisol concentration was shown only in women, when aircraft noise exposure increases, with a significant increase in cortisol concentration in the evening. Finally, it was observed that aircraft noise annoyance and noise sensitivity modified the relationships between aircraft noise exposure and perceived health status, psychological distress, medication use, hypertension risk, and cortisol secretion. Conclusion: These results confirm those of the few studies in the literature suggesting associations between exposure to aircraft noise and a weaker perceived health status, medication use, and changes in cortisol secretion, a characteristic of the stress caused by this exposure. They are also consistent with those that do not suggest any association between aircraft noise exposure and psychological distress assessed by GHQ-12. We also found the role of moderator and/or mediator played by the annoyance due to aircraft noise and noise sensitivity in the relationships between this exposure to aircraft noise and psychological distress, medication use, hypertension risk, and cortisol secretion. It therefore seems of primary interest that future studies consider these two factors in order to better understand the underlying mechanisms.